Plyometric Performance Assessment of Basketball & Volleyball Female Players

Improving the ability to jump is a major training goal for many sports, and drop jump is the well-known training method used to achieve this improvement. The players in team games should be thrown higher than his or her opponent, and this jump should be executed faster than the opponent's jump. Volleyball & Basketball from the specificity of their training, there are differences in the physical qualities of individual and team sports performance, where one of the elements is vertical jumping in training the plyometric. This study is concentrated on two teams: Women’s Volleyball Team (V) and Women’s Basketball Team (B) 15 members each, focusing on 30 subjects. Players were measured in physical parameters; Age (V-24: B-27), Body Height (V-180.4cm; B-173.4cm), Body Weight (V-70.37kg; B-63.88kg), BMI (V-21.67%; B-20.93%). The players performed the test DJ 40cm and DJ60cm in the platform Leonardo® Ground Force Reaction Plate (GRFP) which expresses Force max (kN), Power max (w/kg), Time Contact (TCs), Air Time (TAs), TA/TCs. Results obtained by GRFP showed different team values of the two sports in the parameters of test from DJ40 cm and DJ 60cm. The TA/TC show V1.89>B1.85 in DJ40 test and TA/TC in DJ60 V1.96>B1.71. The results showed statistically significant improvement with respect to F max (kN), F max (kg N) and power (kg W) at the level of p = 0.05. Conclusion; The methodology used helps us to compare high and poor performances, which help trainers to program a more detailed plyometric training for the development of athletes' jumping ability. Through the Drop Jump test it can be achieved to be evaluated not only by the height of the development of vertical jump but also by the phase of stay in the air. Through value comparisons, between tests and sports, trainers can develop programmed plyometric.


Introduction
Plyometric training (1) is widely used to improve jumping ability, especially in sports such as volleyball and basketball (2,3,4,5). Volleyboll (V) and Basketboll (B) sports have different performances for their own game characteristic, so the training is specific where there are differences in the physical qualities of individual and team performance. Volleyball players develop tactical and technical elements such as; Attack, Blocking, Service, etc., while basketball players in addition to running on the field and technical elements must jump during penetrations in the area, catching the ball on the board or realizing the shot. One of the main elements of these sports is vertical jumping. By vertical jump we mean the athlete's ability to raise the center of gravity of his body with the help of dynamic work of the muscles of the lower extremities. So the meaning of the vertical jump element is basically the measurement of the strength, strength, speed of the lower extremities. Numerous scholars have found that high jumps can be improved through applications of plyometric exercises. The best possible perfection of a vertical jump is achieved with training with the purpose of increasing the height of the jump, the high degree of muscular activity that is achieved by increasing the loads in the phase of extension of the vertical jump. Drop Jump is a popular form of plyometric training as well as better interpretation of the term plyometry.Plyometric training (6) is widely used to improve the ability to dance, especially in collective sports such as volleyball, basketball, football, etc (7). Many authors show that explosive power is characteristic of professional basketball players not only in volleyball (8). Evaluation of vertical jump through the Drop Jump 40cm-60cm pryometric test will enable us to compare the values obtained from the strength platform between these sports.

Methodology
This study is concentrated on two teams: Women's Volleyball Team (V) and Women's Basketball Team (B) 15 members each, focusing on 30 subjects. Players were measured in physical parameters;

Protocols of the Test Performed
After were conducted anthropometric measurements and later on the tests in vertical jump performance of the protocol tests .The players performed the test DJ40cm and DJ60cm in the system platform Leonardo® Ground Force Reaction Plate (GRFP) which expresses Force max (kN), Power max (w/kg), Time Contact (TCs), Air Time (TAs), TA/TCs in University of Sports, Tirana. The players one by one performed on the cube height 40cm and 60cm, with their hands on their loins. Through a free fall from the height of the cube they leave themselves falling into GRFP platform and rapidly the reaction after contacting with GRFP they should jump in vertical as high as possible. The test has been developed 3 times and we got the best measure of the contact time and the time in the air.

Statistical analyses
An analysis was done to check whether the test and measurement methods used were valid to identify whether groups of Volleyball players and Basketball players achieved high or poor performance.A unilateral analysis of variance (ANOVA) on data from 30 athletes was performed in order to identify changes in the parameters of the DJ40cm-DJ60cm test; Scheffe post hoc analysis was run to show differences between groups. T-tests of paired samples were performed to compare DJ40cm-DJ60cm parameters. Moreover, a PCA with a Varimax rotation was executed to examine a possible tendency towards the dependence of temporary force or peak between groups of athletes when executing DJ60cm test. All statistical procedures were performed using the Package Statistics for Social Sciences 10.0.1 software (SPSS) Inc., Chicago, IL). An alpha level of 0.05 was used.

Results
The results revealed that the Volleyball players were thrown higher (p, 0.001) than the Basketball players. From the data obtained from the platform we see that there are different performances between individual players in both sports, despite the fact that in the team average it turned out that volleyball players are higher in the DJ test. TA/TC VBOLL TA/TC BBOLL significant differences between the two teams. Several factors, including a training program design (the type of exercises, training duration, training frequency, volume and intensity of training), subject characteristics (age, gender, fitness level, sport practice) and methods of testing different types of vertical jumps may be responsible for the conflicting findings concerning plyometric training. Some training studies have found that plyometric training based on DJs does not significantly enhance jump height or lower limb power, while other reports showed a large variability in the magnitude of such enhancement. It has previously been reported (10) an average relationship between strength / measuring power in squat jump performance from place to place and CMJ counter-action jump (movement) in the volleyball team. This platform consists in obtaining more data to the evaluation of the volleyball players, force (F max kN) and power (P max kW), during the vertical jump.

Conclusion
Volleyball & Basketball players despite their plyometric training time over the years, showed a low level of air time flying DJ interpretation. Improving the ability to jump is a major training goal for many sports, and drop jump is the well-known training method used to achieve this improvemen. Individually the players need to improve their jump performance in order to achieve a better personal record. Compared to the reference table of the Reactive Forces Index (1.5-2.0RSI) for the Drop Jump test, we came to the conclusion that the level of Volleyball & Basketball players in Albania obtained in the result of the TA / TCs Index represents a moderate level of training, at the level of players prepared for moderate plyometric intensity. The values that were reported as high as possible showed that the athletes of both sports did not develop regular plyometric training.